Geography

Professor Tim Lenton

Professor Tim Lenton

Chair in Climate Change and Earth System Science

 T.M.Lenton@exeter.ac.uk

 4608

 Laver Building 801h

 

Laver Building, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK

Overview

Tim Lenton is Chair in Climate Change and Earth System Science at the University of Exeter. He is currently on study leave to write his new book on positive tipping points. His reading of Jim Lovelock’s books on Gaia, when he was an undergraduate, ignited his passion for studying the Earth as a whole system, forming the foundations of his research to date. For his PhD, supervised by Andrew Watson, Tim studied what regulates the nutrient balance of the ocean and the oxygen content of the atmosphere. In his first job he built a simple coupled carbon cycle and climate model and led the development of the GENIE Earth system model. This led him to studying the coupled evolution of life and the planet and identifying tipping points in the Earth system – past, present, and future. Tim and his group at Exeter focus on understanding the Earth as a system, modelling evolution, ecology, and biogeochemistry, providing early warning of climate tipping points, and identifying positive tipping points towards sustainability. This integrated view of our living planet is captured in his books ‘Revolutions that made the Earth’ with Andrew Watson (OUP, 2011) and ‘Earth System Science: A Very Short Introduction’ (OUP, 2016).

Tim’s work identifying the tipping elements in the climate system won the Times Higher Education Award for Research Project of the Year 2008. He has also received a Philip Leverhulme Prize 2004, a European Geosciences Union Outstanding Young Scientist Award 2006, the British Association Charles Lyell Award Lecture 2006, the Geological Society of London William Smith Fund 2008, and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award 2013. Tim is a Fellow of the Linnean Society, Geological Society, and the Royal Society of Biology. He is a member of the Earth Commission and is a Clarivate Web of Science Highly Cited Researcher.

Broad research specialisms:

Earth system science; complex systems; modelling; climate change; global biogeochemical cycles; co-evolution of life and the planet

Qualifications

BA (Cambridge, 1994)
PhD (UEA, 1998)

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Research

Research interests

Tim and his research group work in three main areas:

  • Modelling the coupled evolution of life and the planet
  • Identifying tipping points in the Earth system, climate, ecosystems, and human systems
  • Developing methods to sense the changing resilience of complex systems and provide early warning of tipping points

They actively develop and use process-based models, spanning spatial scales from the sub-cellular to the whole planet, and timescales from days to millions of years. They also develop and apply methods of deducing system stability properties directly from data.

Research projects

Climate tipping points

Tim recently summarised evidence that several climate tipping points are dangerously close and could risk triggering a ‘tipping cascade’. In the worst-case scenario, this could lead to a ‘Hothouse Earth’ state. Tim also helped identify the human climate niche and how its movement under unmitigated climate change could leave billions of people experiencing climate conditions that only support low population densities today. Tim and his team have been developing and applying early warning methods for climate tipping points leading to the discovery of signals of destabilisation in important parts of the climate system. Collaboration with economists to put climate tipping points in integrated assessment models has demonstrated that the risk they pose can increase the ‘social cost of carbon’ emissions by an order of magnitude. The Exeter team also recently provided the first detailed national, sectoral analysis of the impacts of a climate tipping point – on land-use in the UK.

Positive tipping points

The same methods that Tim used to identify ‘bad’ tipping points in the climate and ecosystems can also identify ‘good’ tipping points towards sustainability – which the world desperately needs. Collaborating with Simon Sharpe in the Cabinet Office, Tim has identified positive tipping points that have led to world-leading rates of decarbonisation in personal transport and power generation. Together they outline how positive tipping cascades could be triggered to take these to global scale. Now they are on the hunt for further examples and the Global Systems Institute has started an Exeter ‘Living Lab’ to identify local opportunities for tipping positive change.

A resilience sensing system

Quantifying the changing resilience of complex systems – from ecosystems to societies – is a critical concern in a time of accelerating global change. With support from the Leverhulme Trust and the Alan Turing Institute, Tim and his team are generalising and applying methods of early warning of tipping points to sense the changing resilience of the climate system and ecosystems. This leverages cloud computing and remotely sensed data to monitor whether ecosystems including peatlands, rainforests and drylands are recovering more slowly from perturbations. They are also examining whether they can detect signals of destabilisation in social data prior to abrupt changes.

Natural climate solutions for greenhouse gas removal

Tim is part of a UK-wide team assessing the feasibility of achieving large-scale greenhouse gas removal through afforestation and biomass energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). In separate projects supported by the A. G. Leventis Foundation Tim and his team work with international partners including Permian Global and TIST to quantify the potential for agroforestry and forest regeneration to remove carbon dioxide, benefit local communities in the global South, and achieve multiple sustainable development goals.

Revolutions that made the Earth

Tim’s group have been focusing on the 'complexity revolution': Between about 800 and 400 million years ago from the Neoproterozoic to Palaeozoic Eras, the modern Earth system was born. Out of the turmoil of ‘snowball Earth’ glaciations came and the first animals forming familiar ecosystems. Then plants colonised the land and increased oxygen to modern levels. Multi-disciplinary projects on this interval involve a UK-wide group who also recently convened a Royal Society discussion meeting and special issue on the topic.

Earth system resilience

Since this formative interval in Earth history, the modern Earth system has been subject to multiple perturbations and mass extinctions that can teach us about its resilience – including to human activities. Tim has been quantifying the response to carbon cycle perturbations triggering oceanic anoxic events. In a large grant on the Early Jurassic, an Exeter-led team is studying one of these events in unprecedented detail.

Advancing Gaia theory

Tim's group have been developing evolutionary modelling and theory to show how ‘Gaia’ could evolve. This also suggests how ecosystems and human societies could evolve through a process of ‘survival of the systems’. Tim collaborates with Bruno Latour on understanding Gaia and its implications for science and politics. Together they proposed the possibility of a ‘Gaia 2.0’ where humans add a little self-awareness to the Earth’s self-regulation. Tim works on what we could learn from ‘prior Gaia’ towards achieving global sustainability.

Grants

  • Data Science for Sustainable Development: Environment, Climate and Health (Alan Turing Institute, £796k)
  • Quantifying the changing resilience of the climate system and ecosystems (Leverhulme, £276k)
  • Feasibility of Afforestation and Biomass energy with carbon capture storage for Greenhouse Gas Removal (NERC, £458k)
  • Perturbation of the Earth System at the Proterozoic-Phanerozoic transition and the resilience of the biosphere (NERC, £280k)
  • Resolving the enigmatic Precambrian-Cambrian boundary event (BACE) (NERC)
  • A quantification of the global potential to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through reversing past forest degradation (A. G. Leventis Foundation, £135k)
  • Tropical forest protection and restoration: Understanding carbon storage within degraded and recovering forest ecosystems (A. G. Leventis Foundation, £220k)
  • UKRI Centre for Doctoral Training in Environmental Intelligence: Data Science and AI for Sustainable Futures (Co-I, EPSRC, £2.8M)
  • Dynamic modelling of ecosystem-based pathways for 1.5C (Co-I, One Earth Initiative, $120k)
  • Integrated Understanding of the early Jurassic Earth System and Timescale (Co-I, NERC, £1.8M)

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Publications

Books

Lenton T (2016). Earth System Science a Very Short Introduction., Oxford University Press. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Watson AJ (2011). Revolutions that made the Earth. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Journal articles

Eager-Nash J, Mayne N, Nicholson A, Prins J, Young O, Daines S, Sergeev D, Lambert F, Manners J, Boutle I, et al (In Press). 3D climate simulations of the Archean find that Methane has a strong cooling effect at high concentrations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Lenton T, Buxton J, Abrams J, Boulton C, Powell T, Cunliffe A (In Press). A resilience sensing system for the biosphere. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Abstract.
Eager-Nash J, Daines S, mcdermott J, andrews P, Grain L, Bishop J, Rogers A, Smith J, Khalek C, Boxer T, et al (In Press). Biosignatures from pre-oxygen photosynthesising life on TRAPPIST-1e. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Lenton T (In Press). Earth system boundaries and Earth system justice: Sharing the ecospace. Environmental Politics
Lenton T, Krause AJ, Mills BJW, Merdith AS, Poulton SW (In Press). Extreme variability in atmospheric oxygen levels in the late Precambrian. Science Advances Abstract.
Nicholson A, Daines S, Mayne N, Eager J, Lenton T, Kohary K (In Press). Predicting biosignatures for nutrient limited biospheres. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
von der Heydt AS, Ashwin P, Camp CD, Crucifix M, Dijstra HA, Ditlevsen P, Lenton TM (In Press). Quantification and Interpretation of the Climate Variability Record. Global and Planetary Change
Lenton T, Abrams J (In Press). Quantifying the Human Cost of Global Warming. Nature Sustainability
Lenton T (In Press). Spread of the cycles: a feedback perspective on the Anthropocene. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Lenton T, Kohler TA, Marquet PA, Boyle RA, Crucifix M, Wilkinson DM, Scheffer M (In Press). Survival of the Systems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution
Watson T, Lenton T, Safra De Campos R (In Press). The Climate Change, Conflict and Migration Nexus: a Holistic View. Climate Resilience and Sustainability
Lenton T (In Press). Tipping Positive Change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Lenton T, Lees K (In Press). Using remote sensing to assess peatland resilience by estimating oil surface moisture and drought recovery. Science of the Total Environment
Lenton T, Ripple WJ, wolf C, Gregg MG, Levin K, Rockström J, Kalmus P, Betts MG, Huq S, Law BE, et al (In Press). World Scientists’ Warning of a. Climate Emergency 2022. Bioscience Abstract.
Barbrook-Johnson P, Mercure JF, Sharpe S, Peñasco C, Hepburn C, Anadon LD, Farmer JD, Lenton TM (2024). Economic modelling fit for the demands of energy decision makers. Nature Energy, 9(3), 229-231. Abstract.
Krause AJ, Sluijs A, van der Ploeg R, Lenton TM, Pogge von Strandmann PAE (2024). Publisher Correction: Enhanced clay formation key in sustaining the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (Nature Geoscience, (2023), 16, 8, (730-738), 10.1038/s41561-023-01234-y). Nature Geoscience, 17(1). Abstract.
Lenton TM, Abrams JF, Bartsch A, Bathiany S, Boulton CA, Buxton JE, Conversi A, Cunliffe AM, Hebden S, Lavergne T, et al (2024). Publisher Correction: Remotely sensing potential climate change tipping points across scales. Nature Communications, 15(1).
Lenton TM, Abrams JF, Bartsch A, Bathiany S, Boulton CA, Buxton JE, Conversi A, Cunliffe AM, Hebden S, Lavergne T, et al (2024). Remotely sensing potential climate change tipping points across scales. Nat Commun, 15(1). Abstract.  Author URL.
Rockström J, Kotzé L, Milutinović S, Biermann F, Brovkin V, Donges J, Ebbesson J, French D, Gupta J, Kim R, et al (2024). The planetary commons: a new paradigm for safeguarding Earth-regulating systems in the Anthropocene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 121(5). Abstract.  Author URL.
Wood RA, Crucifix M, Lenton TM, Mach KJ, Moore C, New M, Sharpe S, Stocker TF, Sutton RT (2023). A Climate Science Toolkit for High Impact-Low Likelihood Climate Risks. Earth's Future, 11(4). Abstract.
Obura DO, DeClerck F, Verburg PH, Gupta J, Abrams JF, Bai X, Bunn S, Ebi KL, Gifford L, Gordon C, et al (2023). Achieving a nature- and people-positive future. One Earth, 6(2), 105-117.
Warszawski L, Kriegler E, Lenton TM, Gaffney O, Jacob D, Klingenfeld D, Koide R, Costa MM, Messner D, Nakicenovic N, et al (2023). Corrigendum: all options, not silver bullets, needed to limit global warming to 1.5 °C: a scenario appraisal (2021 Environ. Res. Lett. 16 064037). Environmental Research Letters, 18(4).
Gupta J, Liverman D, Prodani K, Aldunce P, Bai X, Broadgate W, Ciobanu D, Gifford L, Gordon C, Hurlbert M, et al (2023). Earth system justice needed to identify and live within Earth system boundaries. Nature Sustainability, 6(6), 630-638.
Krause AJ, Sluijs A, van der Ploeg R, Lenton TM, Pogge von Strandmann PAE (2023). Enhanced clay formation key in sustaining the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum. Nature Geoscience, 16(8), 730-738. Abstract.
Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Lenton TM, Gregg JW, Natali SM, Duffy PB, Rockström J, Schellnhuber HJ (2023). Many risky feedback loops amplify the need for climate action. One Earth, 6(2), 86-91. Abstract.
Nicholls JWF, Chin JP, Williams TA, Lenton TM, O'Flaherty V, McGrath JW (2023). On the potential roles of phosphorus in the early evolution of energy metabolism. Front Microbiol, 14 Abstract.  Author URL.
Lees KJ, Carmenta R, Condliffe I, Gray A, Marquis L, Lenton TM (2023). Protecting peatlands requires understanding stakeholder perceptions and relational values: a case study of peatlands in the Yorkshire Dales. Ambio, 52(7), 1282-1296. Abstract.  Author URL.
Smith T, Zotta R-M, Boulton CA, Lenton TM, Dorigo W, Boers N (2023). Reliability of resilience estimation based on multi-instrument time series. Earth System Dynamics, 14(1), 173-183. Abstract.
Boulton CA, Lenton TM, Boers N (2023). Reply to: Little evidence that Amazonian rainforests are approaching a tipping point. Nature Climate Change, 13(12), 1321-1323.
Rockström J, Gupta J, Qin D, Lade SJ, Abrams JF, Andersen LS, Armstrong McKay DI, Bai X, Bala G, Bunn SE, et al (2023). Safe and just Earth system boundaries. Nature, 619(7968), 102-111. Abstract.  Author URL.
Bowles AMC, Williamson CJ, Williams TA, Lenton TM, Donoghue PCJ (2023). The origin and early evolution of plants. Trends in Plant Science, 28(3), 312-329. Abstract.
Scheffer M, van Nes EH, Kemp L, Kohler TA, Lenton TM, Xu C (2023). The vulnerability of aging states: a survival analysis across premodern societies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 120(48). Abstract.  Author URL.
Littleton EW, Shepherd A, Harper AB, Hastings AFS, Vaughan NE, Doelman J, van Vuuren DP, Lenton TM (2023). Uncertain effectiveness of <i>Miscanthus</i> bioenergy expansion for climate change mitigation explored using land surface, agronomic and integrated assessment models. GCB Bioenergy, 15(3), 303-318. Abstract.
Dylewsky D, Lenton TM, Scheffer M, Bury TM, Fletcher CG, Anand M, Bauch CT (2023). Universal early warning signals of phase transitions in climate systems. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 20(201). Abstract.
Ball TS, Vaughan NE, Powell TW, Lovett A, Lenton TM (2022). C-LLAMA 1.0: a traceable model for food, agriculture, and land use. GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT, 15(2), 929-949.  Author URL.
Kemp L, Xu C, Depledge J, Ebi KL, Gibbins G, Kohler TA, Rockström J, Scheffer M, Schellnhuber HJ, Steffen W, et al (2022). Climate Endgame: Exploring catastrophic climate change scenarios. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 119(34). Abstract.  Author URL.
Arellano-Nava B, Halloran PR, Boulton CA, Scourse J, Butler PG, Reynolds DJ, Lenton TM (2022). Destabilisation of the Subpolar North Atlantic prior to the Little Ice Age. Nature Communications, 13(1). Abstract.
Snellen IAG, Snik F, Kenworthy M, Albrecht S, Anglada-Escude G, Baraffe I, Baudoz P, Benz W, Beuzit J-L, Biller B, et al (2022). Detecting life outside our solar system with a large high-contrast-imaging mission. EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 54(2-3), 1237-1274.  Author URL.
Keen S, Lenton TM, Garrett TJ, Rae JWB, Hanley BP, Grasselli M (2022). Estimates of economic and environmental damages from tipping points cannot be reconciled with the scientific literature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 119(21).  Author URL.
Mills DB, Boyle RA, Daines SJ, Sperling EA, Pisani D, Donoghue PCJ, Lenton TM (2022). Eukaryogenesis and oxygen in Earth history. Nat Ecol Evol, 6(5), 520-532. Abstract.  Author URL.
Armstrong McKay DI, Staal A, Abrams JF, Winkelmann R, Sakschewski B, Loriani S, Fetzer I, Cornell SE, Rockström J, Lenton TM, et al (2022). Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points. Science, 377(6611). Abstract.  Author URL.
Rammelt CF, Gupta J, Liverman D, Scholtens J, Ciobanu D, Abrams JF, Bai X, Gifford L, Gordon C, Hurlbert M, et al (2022). Impacts of meeting minimum access on critical earth systems amidst the Great Inequality. Nature Sustainability, 6(2), 212-221. Abstract.
Lenton TM (2022). James Lovelock (1919-2022). Science, 377(6609). Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Benson S, Smith T, Ewer T, Lanel V, Petykowski E, Powell TWR, Abrams JF, Blomsma F, Sharpe S, et al (2022). Operationalising positive tipping points towards global sustainability. Global Sustainability, 5 Abstract.
Sproson AD, Pogge von Strandmann PAE, Selby D, Jarochowska E, Frýda J, Hladil J, Loydell DK, Slavík L, Calner M, Maier G, et al (2022). Osmium and lithium isotope evidence for weathering feedbacks linked to orbitally paced organic carbon burial and Silurian glaciations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 577 Abstract.
Boulton CA, Lenton TM, Boers N (2022). Pronounced loss of Amazon rainforest resilience since the early 2000s. Nature Climate Change, 12(3), 271-278. Abstract.
Buxton JE, Abrams JF, Boulton CA, Barlow N, Rangel Smith C, Van Stroud S, Lees KJ, Lenton TM (2022). Quantitatively monitoring the resilience of patterned vegetation in the Sahel. Glob Chang Biol, 28(2), 571-587. Abstract.  Author URL.
Kemp L, Xu C, Depledge J, Ebi KL, Gibbins G, Kohler TA, Rockström J, Scheffer M, Schellnhuber HJ, Steffen W, et al (2022). Reply to Bhowmik et al.: Democratic climate action and studying extreme climate risks are not in tension. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 119(45).  Author URL.
Kemp L, Xu C, Depledge J, Ebi KL, Gibbins G, Kohler TA, Rockström J, Scheffer M, Schellnhuber HJ, Steffen W, et al (2022). Reply to Burgess et al: Catastrophic climate risks are neglected, plausible, and safe to study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(42).
Kemp L, Xu C, Depledge J, Ebi KL, Gibbins G, Kohler TA, Rockström J, Scheffer M, Schellnhuber HJ, Steffen W, et al (2022). Reply to Kelman: the foundations for studying catastrophic climate risks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(42).
Kemp L, Xu C, Depledge J, Ebi KL, Gibbins G, Kohler TA, Rockström J, Scheffer M, Schellnhuber HJ, Steffen W, et al (2022). Reply to Ruhl and Craig: Assessing and governing extreme climate risks needs to be legitimate and democratic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(49).
Lenton TM, Boulton CA, Scheffer M (2022). Resilience of countries to COVID-19 correlated with trust. Sci Rep, 12(1). Abstract.  Author URL.
Winkelmann R, Donges JF, Smith EK, Milkoreit M, Eder C, Heitzig J, Katsanidou A, Wiedermann M, Wunderling N, Lenton TM, et al (2022). Social tipping processes towards climate action: a conceptual framework. Ecological Economics, 192 Abstract.
Boyle RA, Lenton TM (2022). The evolution of biogeochemical recycling by persistence-based selection. COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT, 3(1).  Author URL.
Myers BJE, Weiskopf SR, Shiklomanov AN, Ferrier S, Weng E, Casey KA, Harfoot M, Jackson ST, Leidner AK, Lenton TM, et al (2021). A New Approach to Evaluate and Reduce Uncertainty of Model-Based Biodiversity Projections for Conservation Policy Formulation. BioScience, 71(12), 1261-1273. Abstract.
Warszawski L, Kriegler E, Lenton TM, Gaffney O, Jacob D, Klingenfeld D, Koide R, Costa MM, Messner D, Nakicenovic N, et al (2021). All options, not silver bullets, needed to limit global warming to 1.5 °C: a scenario appraisal. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 16(6).  Author URL.
Huang G, Eager JK, Mayne NJ, Cui D, Manners J, Hebrard E, Liu Z, Lenton TM (2021). CO2 and O2 oxidized 2.7 Ga micrometeorites in two stages suggesting a &gt;32% CO2 atmosphere. Precambrian Research, 366, 106423-106423.
Buxton J, Powell T, Ambler J, Boulton C, Nicholson A, Arthur R, Lees K, Williams H, Lenton T (2021). Community-driven tree planting greens the neighbouring landscape. Abstract.
Buxton J, Powell T, Ambler J, Boulton C, Nicholson A, Arthur R, Lees K, Williams H, Lenton TM (2021). Community-driven tree planting greens the neighbouring landscape. Sci Rep, 11(1). Abstract.  Author URL.
Bury TM, Sujith RI, Pavithran I, Scheffer M, Lenton TM, Anand M, Bauch CT (2021). Deep learning for early warning signals of tipping points. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 118(39). Abstract.  Author URL.
Littleton EW, Dooley K, Webb G, Harper AB, Powell T, Nicholls Z, Meinshausen M, Lenton T (2021). Dynamic modelling shows substantial contribution of ecosystem restoration to climate change mitigation.
Rockström J, Gupta J, Lenton TM, Qin D, Lade SJ, Abrams JF, Jacobson L, Rocha JC, Zimm C, Bai X, et al (2021). Identifying a Safe and Just Corridor for People and the Planet. Earth's Future, 9(4). Abstract.
Fabbri S, Hauschild MZ, Lenton TM, Owsianiak M (2021). Multiple Climate Tipping Points Metrics for Improved Sustainability Assessment of Products and Services. Environ Sci Technol, 55(5), 2800-2810. Abstract.  Author URL.
Brovkin V, Brook E, Williams JW, Bathiany S, Lenton TM, Barton M, DeConto RM, Donges JF, Ganopolski A, McManus J, et al (2021). Past abrupt changes, tipping points and cascading impacts in the Earth system. NATURE GEOSCIENCE, 14(8), 550-558.  Author URL.
Gupta J, Liverman D, Bai X, Gordon C, Hurlbert M, Inoue CYA, Jacobson L, Kanie N, Lenton TM, Obura D, et al (2021). Reconciling safe planetary targets and planetary justice: Why should social scientists engage with planetary targets?. Earth System Governance, 10 Abstract.
Yang Y, Zhang C, Lenton TM, Yan X, Zhu M, Zhou M, Tao J, Phelps TJ, Cao Z (2021). The Evolution Pathway of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea Shaped by Major Geological Events. Mol Biol Evol, 38(9), 3637-3648. Abstract.  Author URL.
Martin K, Schmidt K, Toseland A, Boulton CA, Barry K, Beszteri B, Brussaard CPD, Clum A, Daum CG, Eloe-Fadrosh E, et al (2021). The biogeographic differentiation of algal microbiomes in the upper ocean from pole to pole. Nature Communications, 12(1). Abstract.
Belcher CM, Mills BJW, Vitali R, Baker SJ, Lenton TM, Watson AJ (2021). The rise of angiosperms strengthened fire feedbacks and improved the regulation of atmospheric oxygen. Nature Communications, 12(1). Abstract.
Lenton TM (2021). Tipping points in the climate system. WEATHER, 76(10), 325-326.  Author URL.
Clarkson MO, Lenton TM, Andersen MB, Bagard M-L, Dickson AJ, Vance D (2021). Upper limits on the extent of seafloor anoxia during the PETM from uranium isotopes. Nat Commun, 12(1). Abstract.  Author URL.
Sharpe S, Lenton TM (2021). Upward-scaling tipping cascades to meet climate goals: plausible grounds for hope. Climate Policy, 21(4), 421-433. Abstract.
Lees KJ, Buxton J, Boulton CA, Abrams JF, Lenton TM (2021). Using satellite data to assess management frequency and rate of regeneration on heather moorlands in England as a resilience indicator. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 3(8).  Author URL.
Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Newsome TM, Gregg JW, Lenton TM, Palomo I, Eikelboom JAJ, Law BE, Huq S, Duffy PB, et al (2021). World Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency 2021. BioScience, 71(9), 894-898.
Boulton CA, Ritchie PDL, Lenton TM (2020). Abrupt changes in Great Britain vegetation carbon projected under climate change. Global Change Biology, 26(8), 4436-4448. Abstract.
Lovecchio E, Lenton TM (2020). BPOP-v1 model: exploring the impact of changes in the biological pump on the shelf sea and ocean nutrient and redox state. GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT, 13(4), 1865-1883.  Author URL.
Turner MG, Calder WJ, Cumming GS, Hughes TP, Jentsch A, LaDeau SL, Lenton TM, Shuman BN, Turetsky MR, Ratajczak Z, et al (2020). Climate change, ecosystems and abrupt change: Science priorities. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 375(1794). Abstract.
Cao M, Daines SJ, Lenton TM, Cui H, Algeo TJ, Dahl TW, Shi W, Chen ZQ, Anbar A, Zhou YQ, et al (2020). Comparison of Ediacaran platform and slope δ<sup>238</sup>U records in South China: Implications for global-ocean oxygenation and the origin of the Shuram Excursion. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 287, 111-124. Abstract.
Zhang F, Dahl TW, Lenton TM, Luo G, Shen SZ, Algeo TJ, Planavsky N, Liu J, Cui Y, Qie W, et al (2020). Extensive marine anoxia associated with the Late Devonian Hangenberg Crisis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 533 Abstract.
Xu C, Kohler TA, Lenton TM, Svenning J-C, Scheffer M (2020). Future of the human climate niche. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 117(21), 11350-11355. Abstract.  Author URL.
Eager J, Reichelt D, Mayne N, Lambert F, Sergeev D, Ridgway R, Manners J, Boutle I, Lenton T, Kohary K, et al (2020). Implications of different stellar spectra for the climate of tidally--locked Earth-like exoplanets. Astronomy and Astrophysics
Lenton TM, Dutreuil S, Latour B (2020). Life on Earth is hard to spot. The Anthropocene Review, 7(3), 248-272. Abstract.
Lenton TM (2020). On the use of models in understanding the rise of complex life. Interface Focus, 10(4). Abstract.
Lenton TM (2020). On the use of models in understanding the rise of complex life. Interface Focus, 10(4), 20200018-20200018. Abstract.
Guilbaud R, Poulton SW, Thompson J, Husband KF, Zhu M, Zhou Y, Shields GA, Lenton TM (2020). Phosphorus-limited conditions in the early Neoproterozoic ocean maintained low levels of atmospheric oxygen. Nature Geoscience, 13(4), 296-301.
Ritchie P, Smith G, Davis K, Fezzi C, Halleck-Vega S, Harper A, Boulton C, Binner A, Day B, Gallego-Sala A, et al (2020). Shifts in national land use and food production in Great Britain after a climate tipping point. Nature Food, 1, 76-83.
Keane A, Krauskopf B, Lenton TM (2020). Signatures consistent with multi-frequency tipping in the Atlantic. meridional overturning circulation. Abstract.  Author URL.
Winkelmann R, Donges JF, Smith EK, Milkoreit M, Eder C, Heitzig J, Katsanidou A, Wiedermann M, Wunderling N, Lenton TM, et al (2020). Social tipping processes for sustainability: an analytical framework. Ecological Economics, 192 Abstract.  Author URL.
Baldwin MP, Lenton TM (2020). Solving the climate crisis: Lessons from ozone depletion and COVID-19. Global Sustainability, 3 Abstract.
Steffen W, Richardson K, Rockström J, Schellnhuber HJ, Dube OP, Dutreuil S, Lenton TM, Lubchenco J (2020). The emergence and evolution of Earth System Science. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 1(1), 54-63.
Steffen W, Richardson K, Rockstrom J, Schellnhuber HJ, Dube OP, Dutreuil S, Lenton TM, Lubchenco J (2020). The emergence and evolution of Earth System Science (vol 1, pg 54, 2020). NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT, 1(10), 554-554.  Author URL.
Wood R, Donoghue PCJ, Lenton TM, Liu AG, Poulton SW (2020). The origin and rise of complex life: progress requires interdisciplinary integration and hypothesis testing. INTERFACE FOCUS, 10(4).  Author URL.
Zhang F, Shen SZ, Cui Y, Lenton TM, Dahl TW, Zhang H, Zheng QF, Wang W, Krainer K, Anbar AD, et al (2020). Two distinct episodes of marine anoxia during the Permian-Triassic crisis evidenced by uranium isotopes in marine dolostones. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 287, 165-179. Abstract.
Zhang F, Lenton TM, del Rey Á, Romaniello SJ, Chen X, Planavsky NJ, Clarkson MO, Dahl TW, Lau KV, Wang W, et al (2020). Uranium isotopes in marine carbonates as a global ocean paleoredox proxy: a critical review. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 287, 27-49.
Ullmann C, Boyle R, Duarte LV, Hesselbo SP, Kasemann SA, Klein T, Lenton TM, Piazza V, Aberhan M (2020). Warm afterglow from the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event drives the success of deep-adapted brachiopods. Scientific Reports, 10
Boulton CA, Lenton TM (2019). A new method for detecting abrupt shifts in time series. F1000Research, 8, 746-746. Abstract.
Williams JJ, Mills BJW, Lenton TM (2019). A tectonically driven Ediacaran oxygenation event. Nat Commun, 10(1). Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Rockström J, Gaffney O, Rahmstorf S, Richardson K, Steffen W, Schellnhuber HJ (2019). Climate tipping points - too risky to bet against. Nature, 575(7784), 592-595.  Author URL.
Latour B, Lenton TM (2019). Extending the domain of freedom, or why gaia is so hard to understand. Critical Inquiry, 45(3), 659-680.
Zhang F, Xiao S, Romaniello SJ, Hardisty D, Li C, Melezhik V, Pokrovsky B, Cheng M, Shi W, Lenton TM, et al (2019). Global marine redox changes drove the rise and fall of the Ediacara biota. Geobiology, 17(6), 594-610. Abstract.  Author URL.
Littleton EW, Harper AB, Vaughan NE, Oliver RJ, Duran-Rojas MC, Lenton TM (2019). JULES-BE: representation of bioenergy crops and harvesting in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator vn5.1. Abstract.
Ritchie PDL, Harper AB, Smith GS, Kahana R, Kendon EJ, Lewis H, Fezzi C, Halleck-Vega S, Boulton CA, Bateman IJ, et al (2019). Large changes in Great Britain’s vegetation and agricultural land-use predicted under unmitigated climate change. Environmental Research Letters, 14(11), 114012-114012. Abstract.
Mills BJW, Krause AJ, Scotese CR, Hill DJ, Shields GA, Lenton TM (2019). Modelling the long-term carbon cycle, atmospheric CO2, and Earth surface temperature from late Neoproterozoic to present day. Gondwana Research, 67, 172-186.
Carnicer J, Domingo-Marimon C, Ninyerola M, Camarero JJ, Bastos A, López-Parages J, Blanquer L, Rodríguez-Fonseca B, Lenton TM, Dakos V, et al (2019). Regime shifts of Mediterranean forest carbon uptake and reduced resilience driven by multidecadal ocean surface temperatures. Glob Chang Biol, 25(8), 2825-2840. Abstract.  Author URL.
Shields GA, Mills BJW, Zhu M, Raub TD, Daines SJ, Lenton TM (2019). Unique Neoproterozoic carbon isotope excursions sustained by coupled evaporite dissolution and pyrite burial. Nature Geoscience, 12(10), 823-827. Abstract.
Bathiany S, Scheffer M, van Nes EH, Williamson MS, Lenton TM (2018). Abrupt Climate Change in an Oscillating World. Sci Rep, 8(1). Abstract.  Author URL.
Nicholson AE, Wilkinson DM, Williams HTP, Lenton TM (2018). Alternative mechanisms for Gaia. J Theor Biol, 457, 249-257. Abstract.  Author URL.
Bathiany S, Dakos V, Scheffer M, Lenton TM (2018). Climate models predict increasing temperature variability in poor countries. Sci Adv, 4(5). Abstract.  Author URL.
van de Velde S, Mills BJW, Meysman FJR, Lenton TM, Poulton SW (2018). Early Palaeozoic ocean anoxia and global warming driven by the evolution of shallow burrowing. Nat Commun, 9(1). Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Latour B (2018). Gaia 2.0 Could humans add some level of self-awareness to Earth's self-regulation?. Science, 361(6407), 1066-1068.
Nicholson AE, Wilkinson DM, Williams HTP, Lenton TM (2018). Gaian bottlenecks and planetary habitability maintained by evolving. model biospheres: the ExoGaia model. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Abstract.
Harper AB, Powell T, Cox PM, House J, Huntingford C, Lenton TM, Sitch S, Burke E, Chadburn SE, Collins WJ, et al (2018). Land-use emissions play a critical role in land-based mitigation for Paris climate targets. Nat Commun, 9(1). Abstract.  Author URL.
Lu W, Ridgwell A, Thomas E, Hardisty DS, Luo G, Algeo TJ, Saltzman MR, Gill BC, Shen Y, Ling HF, et al (2018). Late inception of a resiliently oxygenated upper ocean. Science, 361(6398), 174-177. Abstract.
McKay DIA, Lenton TM (2018). Reduced carbon cycle resilience across the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. CLIMATE OF THE PAST, 14(10), 1515-1527.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Daines SJ, Dyke JG, Nicholson AE, Wilkinson DM, Williams HTP (2018). Selection for Gaia across Multiple Scales. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 33(8), 633-645. Abstract.
Krause AJ, Mills BJW, Zhang S, Planavsky NJ, Lenton TM, Poulton SW (2018). Stepwise oxygenation of the Paleozoic atmosphere. Nat Commun, 9(1). Abstract.  Author URL.
Quinn C, Sieber J, Heydt ASVD, Lenton TM (2018). The Mid-Pleistocene Transition induced by delayed feedback and. bistability. Dynamics and Statistics of the Climate System Abstract.
Lenton TM, Daines S (2018). The effects of marine eukaryote evolution on phosphorus, carbon and oxygen cycling across the Proterozoic–Phanerozoic transition. Emerging Topics in Life Sciences
Steffen W, Rockström J, Richardson K, Lenton TM, Folke C, Liverman D, Summerhayes CP, Barnosky AD, Cornell SE, Crucifix M, et al (2018). Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(33), 8252-8259. Abstract.
Clarkson MO, Stirling CH, Jenkyns HC, Dickson AJ, Porcelli D, Moy CM, Von Strandmann PPAE, Cooke IR, Lenton TM (2018). Uranium isotope evidence for two episodes of deoxygenation during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(12), 2918-2923. Abstract.
Mander L, Dekker SC, Li M, Mio W, Punyasena S, Lenton TM (2017). A morphometric analysis of vegetation patterns in dryland ecosystems. Royal Society Open Science, 4(2). Abstract.
Alexander P, Prestele R, Verburg PH, Arneth A, Baranzelli C, Batista e Silva F, Brown C, Butler A, Calvin K, Dendoncker N, et al (2017). Assessing uncertainties in land cover projections. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 23(2), 767-781.  Author URL.
Daines SJ, Mills BJW, Lenton TM (2017). Atmospheric oxygen regulation at low Proterozoic levels by incomplete oxidative weathering of sedimentary organic carbon. Nature Communications, 8 Abstract.
Lenton TM, Daines SJ (2017). Biogeochemical Transformations in the History of the Ocean. Annual Review of Marine Science, 9(1), 31-58. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Daines S, Mills B (2017). COPSE reloaded: an improved model of biogeochemical cycling over Phanerozoic time. Earth-Science Reviews
Baker SJ, Hesselbo SP, Lenton TM, Duarte LV, Belcher CM (2017). Charcoal evidence that rising atmospheric oxygen terminated Early Jurassic ocean anoxia. Nature Communications
Williamson MS, collins M, drijfhout S, kahana R, mecking J, lenton TM (2017). Effect of AMOC collapse on ENSO in a high resolution general circulation model. Climate Dynamics
Mills BJW, Scotese CR, Walding NG, Shields GA, Lenton TM (2017). Elevated CO<inf>2</inf> degassing rates prevented the return of Snowball Earth during the Phanerozoic. Nature Communications, 8(1). Abstract.
Lenton TM, Pogge von Strandmann PAE, Desrochers A, Murphy MJ, Finlay AJ, Selby D (2017). Global climate stabilisation by chemical weathering during the Hirnantian glaciation. Geochemical Perspectives
Lenton TM, Daines SJ (2017). Matworld - the biogeochemical effects of early life on land. New Phytol, 215(2), 531-537. Abstract.  Author URL.
Nicholson AE, Wilkinson DM, Williams HTP, Lenton TM (2017). Multiple states of environmental regulation in well-mixed model biospheres. J Theor Biol, 414, 17-34. Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Dakos V, Bathiany S, Scheffer M (2017). Observed trends in the magnitude and persistence of monthly temperature variability. Scientific Reports, 7(1). Abstract.
Watson AJ, Lenton TM, Mills BJW (2017). Ocean deoxygenation, the global phosphorus cycle and the possibility of human-caused large-scale ocean anoxia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 375(2102). Abstract.
Boysen LR, Lucht W, Gerten D, Heck V, Lenton TM, Schellnhuber HJ (2017). The limits to global-warming mitigation by terrestrial carbon removal. Earth's Future, 5(5), 463-474. Abstract.
Dale AW, Boyle RA, Lenton TM, Ingall ED, Wallmann K (2016). A model for microbial phosphorus cycling in bioturbated marine sediments: Significance for phosphorus burial in the early Paleozoic. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 189, 251-268. Abstract.
Mills BJW, Belcher CM, Lenton TM, Newton RJ (2016). A modeling case for high atmospheric oxygen concentrations during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Geology, 44(12), 1023-1026. Abstract.
Bathiany S, Dijkstra H, Crucifix M, Dakos V, Brovkin V, Williamson MS, Lenton TM, Scheffer M (2016). Beyond bifurcation: using complex models to understand and predict abrupt climate change. Dynamics and Statistics of the Climate System, dzw004-dzw004.
Mock T, Daines SJ, Geider R, Collins S, Metodiev M, Millar AJ, Moulton V, Lenton TM (2016). Bridging the gap between omics and earth system science to better understand how environmental change impacts marine microbes. Glob Chang Biol, 22(1), 61-75. Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Dahl TW, Daines SJ, Mills BJW, Ozaki K, Saltzman MR, Porada P (2016). Earliest land plants created modern levels of atmospheric oxygen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(35), 9704-9709. Abstract.
Williamson MS, Bathiany S, M Lenton T (2016). Early warning signals of tipping points in periodically forced systems. Earth System Dynamics, 7(2), 313-326. Abstract.
Porada P, Lenton TM, Pohl A, Weber B, Mander L, Donnadieu Y, Beer C, Pöschl U, Kleidon A (2016). High potential for weathering and climate effects of non-vascular vegetation in the Late Ordovician. Nature Communications, 7 Abstract.
Clark JR, Cole M, Lindeque PK, Fileman E, Blackford J, Lewis C, Lenton TM, Galloway TS (2016). Marine microplastic debris: a targeted plan for understanding and quantifying interactions with marine life. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 14, 317-324.
Lenton TM, Pichler PP, Weisz H (2016). Revolutions in energy input and material cycling in Earth history and human history. Earth System Dynamics Discussions, 1-30.
Lenton TM, Pichler PP, Weisz H (2016). Revolutions in energy input and material cycling in Earth history and human history. Earth System Dynamics, 7(2), 353-370. Abstract.
Cai Y, Lenton TM, Lontzek TS (2016). Risk of multiple interacting tipping points should encourage rapid CO² emission reduction. Nature Climate Change, 520-520.
Bathiany S, Van Der Bolt B, Williamson MS, Lenton TM, Scheffer M, Van Nes EH, Notz D (2016). Statistical indicators of Arctic sea-ice stability-prospects and limitations. Cryosphere, 10(4), 1631-1645. Abstract.
Daines SJ, Lenton TM (2016). The effect of widespread early aerobic marine ecosystems on methane cycling and the Great Oxidation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 434, 42-51. Abstract.
Bathiany S, Bolt BVD, Williamson MS, Lenton TM, Scheffer M, Nes EV, Notz D (2016). Trends in sea-ice variability on the way to an ice-free Arctic. The Cryosphere Abstract.
Lomax G, Lenton TM, Adeosun A, Workman M (2015). COMMENTARY: Investing in negative emissions. NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE, 5(6), 498-500.  Author URL.
Sillmann J, Lenton TM, Levermann A, Ott K, Hulme M, Benduhn F, Horton JB (2015). COMMENTARY: No emergency argument for climate engineering. NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE, 5(4), 290-292.  Author URL.
Van Nes EH, Scheffer M, Brovkin V, Lenton TM, Ye H, Deyle E, Sugihara G (2015). Causal feedbacks in climate change. Nature Climate Change, 5(5), 445-448. Abstract.
Sillmann J, Lenton TM, Levermann A, Ott K, Hulme M, Benduhn F, Horton JB (2015). Climate emergencies do not justify engineering the climate. Nature Climate Change, 5(4), 290-292. Abstract.
Williamson MS, Lenton TM (2015). Detection of bifurcations in noisy coupled systems from multiple time series. Chaos, 25(3). Abstract.
Williamson MS, Bathiany S, Lenton TM (2015). Early warning signals of tipping points in periodically forced systems. Abstract.
Thomas ZA, Kwasniok F, Boulton CA, Cox PM, Jones RT, Lenton TM, Turney CSM (2015). Early warnings and missed alarms for abrupt monsoon transitions. Climate of the Past, 11(12), 1621-1633. Abstract.
Cai Y, Judd KL, Lenton TM, Lontzek TS, Narita D (2015). Environmental tipping points significantly affect the cost-benefit assessment of climate policies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 112(15), 4606-4611. Abstract.  Author URL.
Lomax G, Lenton TM, Adeosun A, Workman M (2015). Investing in negative emissions. Nature Climate Change, 5(6), 498-500.
Lewis KH, Lenton TM (2015). Knowledge problems in climate change and security research. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 6(4), 383-399. Abstract.
Lewis KH, Lenton TM (2015). Knowledge problems in climate change and security research. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change Abstract.
Clarkson MO, Kasemann SA, Wood RA, Lenton TM, Daines SJ, Richoz S, Ohnemueller F, Meixner A, Poulton SW, Tipper ET, et al (2015). Ocean acidification and the Permo-Triassic mass extinction. Science, 348(6231), 229-232. Abstract.  Author URL.
Lomax G, Workman M, Lenton T, Shah N (2015). Reframing the policy approach to greenhouse gas removal technologies. ENERGY POLICY, 78, 125-136.  Author URL.
Boulton CA, Lenton TM (2015). Slowing down of North Pacific climate variability and its implications for abrupt ecosystem change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 112(37), 11496-11501. Abstract.  Author URL.
Lontzek TS, Cai Y, Judd KL, Lenton TM (2015). Stochastic integrated assessment of climate tipping points indicates the need for strict climate policy. Nature Climate Change, 5(5), 441-444. Abstract.
Colbourn G, Ridgwell A, Lenton TM (2015). The time scale of the silicate weathering negative feedback on atmospheric CO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 29(5), 583-596. Abstract.
Colbourn G, Ridgwell A, Lenton TM (2015). The time scale of the silicate weathering negative feedback on atmospheric CO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;. Global Biogeochemical Cycles Abstract.
Lenton T (2014). A Rough Ride to the Future: the Next Evolution of Gaia. NATURE, 508(7494), 41-42.  Author URL.
Barrett S, Lenton TM, Millner A, Tavoni A, Carpenter S, Anderies JM, Chapin FSIII, Crepin A-S, Daily G, Ehrlich P, et al (2014). COMMENTARY: Climate engineering reconsidered. NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE, 4(7), 527-529.  Author URL.
Mills B, Daines SJ, Lenton TM (2014). Changing tectonic controls on the long-term carbon cycle from Mesozoic to present. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 15(12), 4866-4884. Abstract.
Mills B, Daines SJ, Lenton TM (2014). Changing tectonic controls on the long-term carbon cycle from Mesozoic to present. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems Abstract.
Barrett S, Lenton TM, Millner A, Tavoni A, Carpenter S, Anderies JM, Chapin FS, Crépin AS, Daily G, Ehrlich P, et al (2014). Climate engineering reconsidered. Nature Climate Change, 4(7), 527-529.
Lenton TM, Boyle RA, Poulton SW, Shields-Zhou GA, Butterfield NJ (2014). Co-evolution of eukaryotes and ocean oxygenation in the Neoproterozoic era. Nature Geoscience, 7(4), 257-265. Abstract.
Boulton CA, Allison LC, Lenton TM (2014). Early warning signals of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation collapse in a fully coupled climate model. Nat Commun, 5 Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM (2014). Game theory: Tipping climate cooperation. Nature Climate Change, 4(1), 14-15.
Daines SJ, Clark JR, Lenton TM (2014). Multiple environmental controls on phytoplankton growth strategies determine adaptive responses of the N:P ratio. Ecology Letters, 17(4), 414-425. Abstract.
Daines SJ, Clark JR, Lenton TM (2014). Multiple environmental controls on phytoplankton growth strategies determine adaptive responses of the N : P ratio. Ecol Lett, 17(4), 414-425. Abstract.  Author URL.
Mills B, Lenton TM, Watson AJ (2014). Proterozoic oxygen rise linked to shifting balance between seafloor and terrestrial weathering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111(25), 9073-9078. Abstract.  Author URL.
Boucher O, Forster PM, Gruber N, Ha-Duong M, Lawrence MG, Lenton TM, Maas A, Vaughan NE (2014). Rethinking climate engineering categorization in the context of climate change mitigation and adaptation. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 5(1), 23-35. Abstract.
Dearing JA, Wang R, Zhang K, Dyke JG, Haberl H, Hossain MS, Langdon PG, Lenton TM, Raworth K, Brown S, et al (2014). Safe and just operating spaces for regional social-ecological systems. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS, 28, 227-238.  Author URL.
Boyle RA, Dahl TW, Dale AW, Shields-Zhou GA, Zhu M, Brasier MD, Canfield DE, Lenton TM (2014). Stabilization of the coupled oxygen and phosphorus cycles by the evolution of bioturbation. Nature Geoscience, 7(9), 671-676. Abstract.
Lenton T (2014). The Meaning of Human Existence. NATURE, 513(7518), 310-311.  Author URL.
Lenton TM (2014). The global potential for carbon dioxide removal. Issues in Environmental Science and Technology, 2014-January(38), 52-79. Abstract.
Dahl TW, Boyle RA, Canfield DE, Connelly JN, Gill BC, Lenton TM, Bizzarro M (2014). Uranium isotopes distinguish two geochemically distinct stages during the later Cambrian SPICE event. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 401, 313-326. Abstract.
Bellamy R, Chilvers J, Vaughan NE, Lenton TM (2013). 'Opening up' geoengineering appraisal: Multi-Criteria Mapping of options for tackling climate change. Global Environmental Change, 23(5), 926-937. Abstract.
Bellamy R, Chilvers J, Vaughan NE, Lenton TM (2013). 'Opening up' geoengineering appraisal: Multi-Criteria Mapping of options for tackling climate change. Global Environmental Change
Livina VN, Lenton TM (2013). A recent tipping point in the Arctic sea-ice cover: abrupt and. persistent increase in the seasonal cycle since 2007. The Cryosphere Abstract.
Rockström J, Steffen W, Noone K, Persson A, Chapin FS, Lambin EF, Lenton TM, Scheffer M, Folke C, Joachim H, et al (2013). A safe operating space for humanity. , 491-501.
Boulton CA, Good P, Lenton TM (2013). Early warning signals of simulated Amazon rainforest dieback. Theoretical Ecology, 6(3), 373-384. Abstract.
Lenton T (2013). Earthmasters: the dawn of the age of climate engineering. GEOGRAPHY, 98, 160-161.  Author URL.
Clark JR, Lenton TM, Williams HTP, Daines SJ (2013). Environmental selection and resource allocation determine spatial patterns in picophytoplankton cell size. Limnology and Oceanography, 58(3), 1008-1022. Abstract.
Lenton TM (2013). Environmental tipping points. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 38, 1-29. Abstract.
Lenton TM (2013). Fire Feedbacks on Atmospheric Oxygen. , 289-308. Abstract.
Livina VN, Lohmann G, Mudelsee M, Lenton TM (2013). Forecasting the underlying potential governing the time series of a dynamical system. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 392(18), 3891-3902. Abstract.
Lenton TN, Bercaw JE, Panchenko VN, Zakharov VA, Babushkin DE, Soshnikov IE, Talsi EP, Brintzinger HH (2013). Formation of Trivalent Zirconocene Complexes from <i>ansa</i>-Zirconocene-Based Olefin-Polymerization Precatalysts: an EPR- and NMR-Spectroscopic Study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 135(29), 10710-10719.  Author URL.
Hoogakker BAA, Downy F, Andersson MA, Chapman MR, Elderfield H, McCave IN, Lenton TM, Grützner J (2013). Gulf Stream - subtropical gyre properties across two Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles. Quaternary Science Reviews, 81, 105-113. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Ciscar JC (2013). Integrating tipping points into climate impact assessments. Climatic Change, 117(3), 585-597. Abstract.
Hesselbo SP, Bjerrum CJ, Hinnov LA, MacNiocaill C, Miller KG, Riding JB, van de Schootbrugge B, Mochras Revisited Science Team (2013). Mochras borehole revisited: a new global standard for Early Jurassic earth history. Scientific Drilling, 16, 81-91.
Boyle RA, Clark JR, Poulton SW, Shields-Zhou G, Canfield DE, Lenton TM (2013). Nitrogen cycle feedbacks as a control on euxinia in the mid-Proterozoic ocean. Nat Commun, 4 Abstract.  Author URL.
Huntingford C, Jones PD, Livina VN, Lenton TM, Cox PM (2013). No increase in global temperature variability despite changing regional patterns. Nature, 500(7462), 327-330. Abstract.
Huntingford C, Jones PD, Livina VN, Lenton TM, Cox PM (2013). No increase in global temperature variability despite changing regional patterns. Nature, 500(7462), 327-330. Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Williams HTP (2013). On the origin of planetary-scale tipping points. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 28(7), 380-382. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Williams HTP (2013). On the origin of planetary-scale tipping points. Trends Ecol Evol, 28(7), 380-382. Abstract.  Author URL.
Moore CM, Mills MM, Arrigo KR, Berman-Frank I, Bopp L, Boyd PW, Galbraith ED, Geider RJ, Guieu C, Jaccard SL, et al (2013). Processes and patterns of oceanic nutrient limitation. Nature Geoscience, 6(9), 701-710. Abstract.
Powell TWR, Lenton TM (2013). Scenarios for future biodiversity loss due to multiple drivers reveal conflict between mitigating climate change and preserving biodiversity. Environmental Research Letters, 8(2). Abstract.
Colbourn G, Ridgwell A, Lenton TM (2013). The Rock Geochemical Model (RokGeM) v0.9. Geoscientific Model Development, 6(5), 1543-1573. Abstract.
Toseland A, Daines SJ, Clark JR, Kirkham A, Strauss J, Uhlig C, Lenton TM, Valentin K, Pearson GA, Moulton V, et al (2013). The impact of temperature on marine phytoplankton resource allocation and metabolism. Nature Climate Change
Bellamy R, Chilvers J, Vaughan NE, Lenton TM (2012). A review of climate geoengineering appraisals. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 3(6), 597-615. Abstract.
Duarte CM, Lenton TM, Wadhams P, Wassmann P (2012). Abrupt climate change in the Arctic. Nature Climate Change, 2(2), 60-62.
Livina VN, Ditlevsen PD, Lenton TM (2012). An independent test of methods of detecting system states and bifurcations in time-series data. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 391(3), 485-496. Abstract.
Scheffer M, Carpenter SR, Lenton TM, Bascompte J, Brock W, Dakos V, van de Koppel J, van de Leemput IA, Levin SA, van Nes EH, et al (2012). Anticipating critical transitions. Science, 338(6105), 344-348. Abstract.  Author URL.
Wadhams P (2012). Arctic Ice Cover, Ice Thickness and Tipping Points. AMBIO, 41(1), 23-33.  Author URL.
Lenton TM (2012). Arctic climate tipping points. Ambio, 41(1), 10-22. Abstract.  Author URL.
Wassmann P, Lenton TM (2012). Arctic tipping points in an Earth System perspective. Ambio, 41(1), 1-9. Abstract.
Wassmann P, Lenton TM (2012). Arctic tipping points in an Earth system perspective. Ambio, 41(1), 1-9. Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Livina VN, Dakos V, Scheffer M (2012). Climate bifurcation during the last deglaciation?. Climate of the Past, 8(4), 1127-1139. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Livina VN, Dakos V, van Nes EH, Scheffer M (2012). Early warning of climate tipping points from critical slowing down: comparing methods to improve robustness. Philos Trans a Math Phys Eng Sci, 370(1962), 1185-1204. Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Crouch M, Johnson M, Pires N, Dolan L (2012). First plants cooled the Ordovician. Nature Geoscience, 5(2), 86-89.
Lenton TM, Crouch M, Johnson M, Pires N, Dolan L (2012). First plants cooled the Ordovician. NATURE GEOSCIENCE, 5(2), 86-89.  Author URL.
Powell TWR, Lenton TM (2012). Future carbon dioxide removal via biomass energy constrained by agricultural efficiency and dietary trends. Energy and Environmental Science, 5(8), 8116-8133. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Ciscar J-C (2012). Integrating tipping points into climate impact assessments. Climatic Change, 1-13.
Vaughan NE, Lenton TM (2012). Interactions between reducing CO2 emissions, CO2 removal and solar radiation management. Philos Trans a Math Phys Eng Sci, 370(1974), 4343-4364. Abstract.  Author URL.
Boyle RA, Williams HTP, Lenton TM (2012). Natural selection for costly nutrient recycling in simulated microbial metacommunities. J Theor Biol, 312, 1-12. Abstract.  Author URL.
Levermann A, Bamber JL, Drijfhout S, Ganopolski A, Haeberli W, Harris NRP, Huss M, Krueger K, Lenton TM, Lindsay RW, et al (2012). Potential climatic transitions with profound impact on Europe Review of the current state of six 'tipping elements of the climate system'. CLIMATIC CHANGE, 110(3-4), 845-878.  Author URL.
Lenton TN, VanderVelde DG, Bercaw JE (2012). Synthesis of a Bis(thiophenolate)pyridine Ligand and its Titanium, Zirconium, and Tantalum Complexes. ORGANOMETALLICS, 31(21), 7492-7499.  Author URL.
Van Der Giezen M, Lenton TM (2012). The rise of oxygen and complex life. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 59(2), 111-113. Abstract.
Van Der Giezen M, Lenton TM (2012). The rise of oxygen and complex life. J Eukaryot Microbiol, 59(2), 111-113. Abstract.  Author URL.
Duarte CM, Agusti S, Wassmann P, Arrieta JM, Alcaraz M, Coello A, Marba N, Hendriks IE, Holding J, Garcia-Zarandona I, et al (2012). Tipping Elements in the Arctic Marine Ecosystem. AMBIO, 41(1), 44-55.  Author URL.
Lenton TM (2012). What early warning systems are there for environmental shocks?. Environmental Science and Policy Abstract.
Lenton TM (2011). 2 °C or not 2 °C? That is the climate question. Nature, 473
Lenton T (2011). 2 °C or not 2 °C? That is the climate question. NATURE, 473(7345), 7-7.  Author URL.
Vaughan NE, Lenton TM (2011). A review of climate geoengineering proposals. Climatic Change, 109(3-4), 745-790. Abstract.
Lenton TM (2011). Beyond 2°C: Redefining dangerous climate change for physical systems. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 2(3), 451-461.
Livina VN, Kwasniok F, Lohmann G, Kantelhardt JW, Lenton TM (2011). Changing climate states and stability: from Pliocene to present. Climate Dynamics, 37, 2437-2453.
Lenton TM (2011). Early warning of climate tipping points. Nature Climate Change, 1, 201-209.
Clark JR, Daines S, Lenton TM, Watson AJ, Williams HTP (2011). Individual-based modelling of adaptation in marine microbial populations using genetically defined physiological parameters. Ecological Modelling
Thomas MA, Suntharalingam P, Pozzoli L, Devasthale A, Kloster S, Rast S, Feichter J, Lenton TM (2011). Non-linearity in DMS aerosol-cloud-climate interactions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 11(5), 15227-15253.
Goodwin P, Oliver KIC, Lenton TM (2011). Observational constraints on the causes of Holocene CO <inf>2</inf> change. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 25(3). Abstract.
Thomas MA, Suntharalingam P, Pozzoli L, Devasthale A, Kloster S, Rast S, Feichter J, Lenton TM (2011). Rate of non-linearity in DMS aerosol-cloud-climate interactions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(21), 11175-11183. Abstract.
Boyle RA, Lenton TM, Watson AJ (2011). Symbiotic physiology promotes homeostasis in Daisyworld. J Theor Biol, 274(1), 170-182. Abstract.  Author URL.
Mills B, Watson AJ, Goldblatt C, Boyle R, Lenton TM (2011). Timing of Neoproterozoic glaciations linked to transport-limited global weathering. Nature Geoscience, 4(12), 861-864. Abstract.
Holden PB, Edwards NR, Oliver KIC, Lenton TM, Wilkinson RD (2010). A probabilistic calibration of climate sensitivity and terrestrial carbon change in GENIE-1. Climate Dynamics, 35(5), 785-806. Abstract.
Williams HTP, Lenton TM (2010). Evolutionary regime shifts in simulated ecosystems. Oikos, 119(12), 1887-1899. Abstract.
Livina V, Kwasniok F, Lenton T (2010). Potential analysis reveals changing number of climate states during the last 60 kyr. Climate of the Past, 6, 77-82.
Thomas MA, Suntharalingam P, Pozzoli L, Rast S, Devasthale A, Kloster S, Feichter J, Lenton TM (2010). Quantification of DMS aerosol-cloud-climate interactions using ECHAM5-HAMMOZ model in current climate scenario. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 10(2), 3087-3187.
Thomas MA, Suntharalingam P, Pozzoli L, Rast S, Devasthale A, Kloster S, Feichter J, Lenton TM (2010). Quantification of DMS aerosol-cloud-climate interactions using the ECHAM5-HAMMOZ model in a current climate scenario. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10(15), 7425-7438. Abstract.
Lenton TM (2010). The potential for land-based biological CO2 removal to lower future atmospheric CO2 concentration. Carbon Management, 1(1), 145-160.
Rockström J, Steffen W, Noone K, Persson A, Chapin FS, Lambin EF, Lenton TM, Scheffer M, Folke C, Schellnhuber HJ, et al (2009). A safe operating space for humanity. Nature, 461(7263), 472-475.  Author URL.
Goldblatt C, Lenton TM, Watson AJ (2009). An evaluation of the long-wave radiative transfer code used in the Met Office Unified Model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 135(640), 619-633. Abstract.
Vaughan NE, Lenton TM, Shepherd JG (2009). Climate change mitigation: Trade-offs between delay and strength of action required. Climatic Change, 96(1), 29-43. Abstract.
Vaughan NE, Lenton TM, Shepherd JG (2009). Climate change mitigation: trade-offs between delay and strength of action required. CLIMATIC CHANGE, 96(1-2), 29-43.  Author URL.
Fairman MJ, Price AR, Xue G, Molinari M, Nicole DA, Lenton TM, Marsh R, Takeda K, Cox SJ (2009). Earth system modelling with Windows Workflow Foundation. Future Generation Computer Systems, 25(5), 586-597. Abstract.
Goldblatt C, Claire MW, Lenton TM, Matthews AJ, Watson AJ, Zahnle KJ (2009). Nitrogen-enhanced greenhouse warming on earlyEarth. Nature Geoscience, 2(12), 891-896. Abstract.
Rockström J, Steffen W, Noone K, Persson A, Chapin FS, Lambin E, Lenton TM, Scheffer M, Folke C, Schellnhuber HJ, et al (2009). Planetary boundaries: Exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecology and Society, 14(2). Abstract.
Livina VN, Kwasniok F, Lenton TM (2009). Potential analysis reveals changing number of climate states during the last 60 kyr. Climate of the Past Discussions, 5(5), 2223-2237.
Goodwin P, Lenton TM (2009). Quantifying the feedback between ocean heating and CO<inf>2</inf> solubility as an equivalent carbon emission. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(15). Abstract.
Williams HTP, Lenton TM (2009). Rebels with a cause. NERC Planet Earth(Winter 2009).
Miles CJ, Bell TG, Lenton TM (2009). Testing the relationship between the solar radiation dose and surface DMS concentrations using in situ data. Biogeosciences, 6(9), 1927-1934. Abstract.
Veron JEN, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Lenton TM, Lough JM, Obura DO, Pearce-Kelly P, Sheppard CRC, Spalding M, Stafford-Smith MG, Rogers AD, et al (2009). The coral reef crisis: the critical importance of<350 ppm CO2. Mar Pollut Bull, 58(10), 1428-1436. Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Vaughan NE (2009). The radiative forcing potential of different climate geoengineering options. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9(15), 5539-5561. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Myerscough RJ, Marsh R, Livina VN, Price AR, Cox SJ, Genie Team (2009). Using GENIE to study a tipping point in the climate system. Philos Trans a Math Phys Eng Sci, 367(1890), 871-884. Abstract.  Author URL.
Livina VN, Edwards NR, Goswami S, Lenton TM (2008). A wavelet-coefficient score for comparison of two-dimensional climatic-data fields. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, 134(633), 941-955.  Author URL.
Wood AJ, Ackland GJ, Dyke JG, Williams HTP, Lenton TM (2008). Daisyworld: a review. Reviews of Geophysics, 46(1). Abstract.
Lenton T (2008). Engines of life - Review of 'Energy in Nature and Society' by Vaclav Smil. Nature, 452, 691-692.
Williams HTP, Lenton TM (2008). Environmental regulation in a network of simulated microbial ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105(30), 10432-10437. Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Held H, Kriegler E, Hall JW, Lucht W, Rahmstorf S, Schellnhuber HJ (2008). Tipping elements in the Earth's climate system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105(6), 1786-1793. Abstract.  Author URL.
Johnson MT, Vaughan NE, Goodwin P, Goldblatt C, Roudesli S, Lenton TM (2008). Why NH<inf>3</inf> is not a candidate reagent for ambient CO<inf>2</inf> fixation: a response to "alternative solution to global warming arising from CO<inf>2</inf> Emissions - Partial neutralization of tropospheric H <inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> with NH<inf>3</inf>". Environmental Progress, 27(3), 412-417. Abstract.
Livina VN, Lenton TM (2007). A modified method for detecting incipient bifurcations in a dynamical system. Geophysical Research Letters, 34(3). Abstract.
Williams HTP, Lenton TM (2007). Artificial selection of simulated microbial ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104(21), 8918-8923. Abstract.  Author URL.
Ridgwell A, Zondervan I, Hargreaves JC, Bijma J, Lenton TM (2007). Assessing the potential long-term increase of oceanic fossil fuel CO <inf>2</inf> uptake due to CO<inf>2</inf>-calcification feedback. Biogeosciences, 4(4), 481-492. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Klausmeier CA (2007). Biotic stoichiometric controls on the deep ocean N:P ratio. Biogeosciences Discussions, 4(1), 417-454.
Lenton TM, Klausmeier CA (2007). Biotic stoichiometric controls on the deep ocean N:P ratio. Biogeosciences, 4(3), 353-367. Abstract.
Goldblatt C, Lenton TM, Watson AJ (2007). Bistability of atmospheric oxygen and the great oxidation: Implications for life detection. ASTROBIOLOGY, 7(3), 483-483.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Marsh R, Price AR, Lunt DJ, Aksenov Y, Annan JD, Cooper-Chadwick T, Cox SJ, Edwards NR, Goswami S, et al (2007). Effects of atmospheric dynamics and ocean resolution on bi-stability of the thermohaline circulation examined using the Grid ENabled Integrated Earth system modelling (GENIE) framework. Climate Dynamics, 29(6), 591-613. Abstract.
Ridgwell A, Hargreaves JC, Edwards NR, Annan JD, Lenton TM, Marsh R, Yool A, Watson A (2007). Marine geochemical data assimilation in an efficient Earth system model of global biogeochemical cycling. Biogeosciences, 4(1), 87-104. Abstract.
Williams HTP, Lenton TM (2007). Microbial Gaia: a new model for the evolution of environmental regulation. Gaia Circular
Boyle RA, Lenton TM, Williams HTP (2007). Neoproterozoic 'snowball Earth' glaciations and the evolution of altruism. Geobiology, 5(4), 337-349. Abstract.
Price AR, Xue G, Yool A, Lunt DJ, Valdes PJ, Lenton TM, Wason JL, Pound GE, Cox SJ (2007). Optimization of integrated Earth System Model components using Grid-enabled data management and computation. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 19(2), 153-165. Abstract.
Williams HTP, Lenton TM (2007). The Flask model: Emergence of nutrient-recycling microbial ecosystems and their disruption by environment-altering 'rebel' organisms. Oikos, 116(7), 1087-1105. Abstract.
Williamson MS, Lenton TM, Shepherd JG, Edwards NR (2006). An efficient numerical terrestrial scheme (ENTS) for Earth system modelling. Ecological Modelling, 198(3-4), 362-374. Abstract.
Goldblatt C, Lenton TM, Watson AJ (2006). Bistability of atmospheric oxygen and the Great Oxidation. Nature, 443(7112), 683-686. Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM (2006). Climate change to the end of the millennium: an editorial review essay. Climatic Change, 76(1-2), 7-29. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Klausmeier CA (2006). Co-evolution of phytoplankton C:N:P stoichiometry and the deep ocean N:P ratio. Biogeosciences Discussions, 3(4), 1023-1047.
Lunt DJ, Williamson MS, Valdes PJ, Lenton TM, Marsh R (2006). Comparing transient, accelerated, and equilibrium simulations of the last 30 000 years with the GENIE-1 model. Climate of the Past, 2(2), 221-235. Abstract.
Lunt DJ, Williamson MS, Valdes PJ, Lenton TM (2006). Comparing transient, accelerated, and equilibrium simulations of the last 30 000 years with the GENIE-1 model. Climate of the Past Discussions, 2(3), 267-283.
Lenton TM, Britton C (2006). Enhanced carbonate and silicate weathering accelerates recovery from fossil fuel CO<inf>2</inf> perturbations. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20(3). Abstract.
Boyle RA, Lenton TM (2006). Fluctuation in the physical environment as a mechanism for reinforcing evolutionary transitions. J Theor Biol, 242(4), 832-843. Abstract.  Author URL.
Ridgwell A, Hargreaves JC, Edwards NR, Annan JD, Lenton TM, Marsh R, Yool A, Watson A (2006). Marine geochemical data assimilation in an efficient Earth system model of global biogeochemical cycling. Biogeosciences Discussions, 3(4), 1313-1354.
Lenton TM, Williamson MS, Edwards NR, Marsh R, Price AR, Ridgwell AJ, Shepherd JG, Cox SJ (2006). Millennial timescale carbon cycle and climate change in an efficient Earth system model. Climate Dynamics, 26(7-8), 687-711. Abstract.
Marsh R, Smith MPLM, Rohling EJ, Lunt DJ, Lenton TM, Williamson MS, Yool A (2006). Modelling ocean circulation, climate and oxygen isotopes in the ocean over the last 120000 years. Climate of the Past Discussions, 2(5), 657-709.
Price AR, Voutchkov II, Pound GE, Edwards NR, Lenton TM, Cox SJ (2006). Multiobjective tuning of Grid-enabled earth system models using a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). e-Science 2006 - Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing Abstract.
Wood AJ, Ackland GJ, Lenton TM (2006). Mutation of albedo and growth response produces oscillations in a spatial Daisyworld. J Theor Biol, 242(1), 188-198. Abstract.  Author URL.
Ridgwell A, Zondervan I, Hargreaves JC, Bijma J, Lenton TM (2006). Significant long-term increase of fossil fuel CO2 uptake from reduced marine calcification. Biogeosciences Discussions, 3(6), 1763-1780.
Cameron DR, Lenton TM, Ridgwell AJ, Shepherd JG, Marsh R, Yool A (2005). A factorial analysis of the marine carbon cycle and ocean circulation controls on atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf>. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19(4). Abstract.
Adams B, White A, Lenton TM (2004). An analysis of some diverse approaches to modelling terrestrial net primary productivity. Ecological Modelling, 177(3-4), 353-391. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Watson AJ (2004). Biotic enhancement of weathering, atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide in the Neoproterozoic. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(5). Abstract.
Marsh R, Yool A, Lenton TM, Gulamali MY, Edwards NR, Shepherd JG, Krznaric M, Newhouse S, Cox SJ (2004). Bistability of the thermohaline circulation identified through comprehensive 2-parameter sweeps of an efficient climate model. Climate Dynamics, 23(7-8), 761-777. Abstract.
Bergman NM, Lenton TM, Watson AJ (2004). COPSE: a new model of biogeochemical cycling over phanerozoic time. American Journal of Science, 304(5), 397-437. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Schellnhuber HJ, Szathmáry E (2004). Climbing the co-evolution ladder. Nature, 431(7011).  Author URL.
Ackland GJ, Clark MA, Lenton TM (2003). Catastrophic desert formation in Daisyworld. J Theor Biol, 223(1), 39-44. Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Wilkinson DM (2003). Developing the Gaia theory: a response to the criticisms of Kirchner and Volk. Climatic Change, 58(1-2), 1-12.
Ganopolski A, Weedon GP, Nienow PW, Wells NC, Ho MW, Lenton TM (2003). Glacial integrative modelling. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 361(1810), 1871-1884. Abstract.
Weedon GP, Ganopolski A, Nienow PW, Wells NC, Ho MW, Lenton TM (2003). Glacial integrative modelling - Discussion. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 361(1810), 1883-1884.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Huntingford C (2003). Global terrestrial carbon storage and uncertainties in its temperature sensitivity examined with a simple model. Global Change Biology, 9(10), 1333-1352. Abstract.
Adams B, Carr J, Lenton TM, White A (2003). One-dimensional daisyworld: spatial interactions and pattern formation. J Theor Biol, 223(4), 505-513. Abstract.  Author URL.
Handoh IC, Lenton TM (2003). Periodic mid-Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events linked by oscillations of the phosphorus and oxygen biogeochemical cycles. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17(4). Abstract.
Lenton T (2003). School textbook research: the case of geography 1800-2000. GEOGRAPHY, 88, 81-81.  Author URL.
Gildor H, Tziperman E, Nienow PW, Shepherd JG, Alley RB, Lawton JH, Mahadevan A, Lenton TM (2003). Sea-ice switches and abrupt climate change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 361(1810), 1935-1944. Abstract.
Nienow PW, Tziperman E, Shepherd JG, Alley RB, Lawton JH, Mahadevan A, Lenton TM (2003). Sea-ice switches and abrupt climate change - Discussion. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 361(1810), 1942-1944.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, van Oijen M (2002). Gaia as a complex adaptive system. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 357(1421), 683-695. Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Cannell MGR (2002). Mitigating the rate and extent of global warming. CLIMATIC CHANGE, 52(3), 255-262.  Author URL.
Lenton TM, Cannell MGR (2002). Mitigating the rate and extent of global warming: an editorial essay. Climatic Change, 52(3), 255-262. Abstract.
Lenton TM (2002). Testing gaia: the effect of life on earth's habitability and regulation. Climatic Change, 52(4), 409-422. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Von Bloh W (2001). Biotic feedback extends the life span of the biosphere. Geophysical Research Letters, 28(9), 1715-1718. Abstract.
Lenton T (2001). Daisyworld and beyond. Gaia Circular, 4(1), 10-12.
Lenton TM, Lovelock JE (2001). Daisyworld revisited: Quantifying biological effects on planetary self-regulation. Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 53(3), 288-305. Abstract.
Lenton TM (2001). The role of land plants, phosphorus weathering and fire in the rise and regulation of atmospheric oxygen. Global Change Biology, 7(6), 613-629. Abstract.
Huntingford C, Cox PM, Lenton TM (2000). Contrasting responses of a simple terrestrial ecosystem model to global change. Ecological Modelling, 134(1), 41-58. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Lovelock JE (2000). Daisyworld is Darwinian: constraints on adaptation are important for planetary self-regulation. J Theor Biol, 206(1), 109-114. Abstract.  Author URL.
Lenton TM (2000). Land and ocean carbon cycle feedback effects on global warming in a simple Earth system model. Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 52(5), 1159-1188. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Watson AJ (2000). Redfield revisited 1. Regulation of nitrate, phosphate, and oxygen in the ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 14(1), 225-248. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Watson AJ (2000). Redfield revisited 2. What regulates the oxygen content of the atmosphere?. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 14(1), 249-268. Abstract.
Lenton T (1999). Gaia comes of age. Clean Air, 29(3), 71-72.
Welsh DT, Viaroli P, Hamilton WD, Lenton TM (1999). Is dmsp synthesis in chlorophycean macro-algae linked to aerial dispersal?. Ethology Ecology and Evolution, 11(3), 265-278. Abstract.
Lenton TM (1998). Gaia and natural selection. Nature, 394(6692), 439-447. Abstract.  Author URL.
Hamilton WD, Lenton TM (1998). Spora and gaia: How microbes fly with their clouds. Ethology Ecology and Evolution, 10(1), 1-16. Abstract.
Lenton T, Berner RA, Tester M, Beerling DJ (1998). The carbon cycle and CO2 over Phanerozoic time: the role of land plants - Discussion. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences, 353(1365), 81-82.
Lenton T, Upchurch G, Valdes P, Beerling DJ (1998). Vegetation-atmosphere interactions and their role in global warming during the latest Cretaceous - Discussion. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences, 353(1365), 111-112.
Smith MH, Ayers GP, Lenton T (1997). Atmospheric sulphur and cloud condensation nuclei in marine air in the Southern Hemisphere - Discussion. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 352(1350), 211-211.  Author URL.
Lenton TM (1997). Gaia needs you!. British Ecological Society Bulletin, 28(3), 189-191.
Lary DJ, Chipperfield MP, Toumi R, Lenton T (1996). Heterogeneous atmospheric bromine chemistry. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 101(D1), 1489-1504.  Author URL.

Chapters

Gontero B, Lenton TM, Maberly SC (2022). An introduction to productivityand carbon cyclingin aquatic ecosystems. In  (Ed) Blue Planet, Red and Green Photosynthesis: Productivity and Carbon Cycling in Aquatic Ecosystems, 1-25.
Lenton TM (2019). Biodiversity and global change: from creator to victim. In  (Ed) Biological Extinction: New Perspectives, 34-79. Abstract.
Lenton TM (2018). Can emergency geoengineering really prevent climate tipping points?. In  (Ed) Geoengineering our Climate?: Ethics, Politics, and Governance, 43-46. Abstract.
Lenton TM, Livina VN (2015). Detecting and Anticipating Climate Tipping Points. In  (Ed) Extreme Events: Observations, Modeling, and Economics, 51-62. Abstract.
Lenton T (2012). Chapter 17 Future Climate Surprises. In  (Ed) The Future of the World's Climate, Elsevier, 489-507.
Lenton TM (2012). Future climate surprises. In Henderson-Sellers A, McGuffie K (Eds.) Future climates of the world.
Lenton TM, Schellnhuber HJ (2011). Tipping Elements: Jokers in the Pack. In Richardson K, Steffen W, Liverman D (Eds.) Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges and Decisions, Cambridge University Press, 163-201.
Lenton TM, Williams HTP (2009). Gaia and Evolution. In Crist E, Rinker B (Eds.) Gaia in Turmoil, Boston: MIT Press, 61-84.
Lenton TM, Williams HTP (2009). Gaia and evolution. In Crist E, Rinker HB (Eds.) Gaia in turmoil, the MIT Press.
Toniazzo T, Lenton TM, Cox PM, Gregory J (2006). 17 Entropy and Gaia: is There a Link Between MEP and Self-Regulation in the Climate System?. In  (Ed) Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics and the Production of Entropy, Springer Nature, 223-241.
Lenton TM (2005). Hamilton and Gaia. In Ridley M (Ed) Narrow Roads of Gene Land - the Collected Papers of W. D. Hamilton. Volume 3 - Last Words, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 257-264.
Lenton TM (2004). Clarifying Gaia: Regulation with or without Natural Selection. In Schneider SH, Miller JR, Crist E, Boston PJ (Eds.) Scientists Debate Gaia: the Next Century, London: MIT Press, 15-25.
Lenton TM (2004). Gaia. In Steffen W, Jager J, Matson P, III BM, Oldfield F, Richardson K, Sanderson A, Schellnhuber J, II BLT, Tyson P (Eds.) Global Change and the Earth System: a Planet Under Pressure, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Lenton TM, Caldeira KG, Franck SA, Horneck G, Jolly A, Rabbow E, Schellnhuber HJ, Szathmáry E, Westall F, Zavarzin GA, et al (2003). Group Report: Long-term Geosphere-Biosphere Coevolution and Astrobiology. In Schellnhuber H, Crutzen PJ, Clark WC, Claussen M, Held H (Eds.) Earth System Analysis for Sustainability, Dahlem Workshop Report 91, Cambridge, MA: the MIT Press, 111-139.
Lenton TM (2003). The coupled evolution of life and atmospheric oxygen. In Rothschild L, Lister A (Eds.) Evolution on Planet Earth: the Impact of the Physical Environment, London: Academic Press, 35-53.
Lenton TM, Caldeira KG, Szathmáry E (2003). What does history teach us about the major transitions and the role of disturbances in the evolution of life and of the Earth system?. In Schellnhuber H, Crutzen PJ, Clark WC, Claussen M, Held H (Eds.) Earth System Analysis for Sustainability, Dahlem Workshop Report 91, Cambridge, MA: the MIT Press, 29-52.
Lenton TM (2002). Earth as a Self-Regulating System. In Chilek V (Ed) Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems, Oxford: UNESCO, Eolss Publishers.  Author URL.
Lenton TM (2002). Gaia Hypothesis. In Holton JR, Pyle J, Curry JA (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, London: Academic Press, 815-820.
Lenton TM (2002). Gaia Hypothesis. In Goudie AS (Ed) Encyclopedia of Global Change, New York: Oxford University Press, 491-495.
Lenton T (2001). Introduction to the Gaia Theory. In Guerzoni S, Harding S, Lenton T, Lucchi FR (Eds.) Earth System Science, Siena: University of Siena, 9-29.
Lenton T (2001). Redfield Revisited: What Regulates the Nutrient Balance of the Ocean and the Oxygen Content of the Atmosphere?. In Guerzoni S, Harding S, Lenton T, Lucchi FR (Eds.) Earth System Science, Siena: University of Siena, 143-158.
Lenton TM, Betts RA (1998). From Daisyworld to GCMs: Using Models to Understand the Regulation of Climate. In Boutron C (Ed) ERCA - Volume 3 - from Urban Air Pollution to Extra-Solar Planets, Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 145-167.

Conferences

Nicholson A, Daines S, Mayne N, Eager-Nash J, Lenton T (2022). Biosignatures independent of population dynamics. Goldschmidt2022 abstracts.
Eager-Nash J, Mayne N, Lenton T, Daines S (2022). Towards Coupled Modelling of the Biosphere and Atmosphere for the Archean Climate: the Importance of Methane. Goldschmidt2022 abstracts.
Eager J, Lenton TM, Mayne N (2021). The non-linear effect of methane on climate in a three-dimensional Archean atmosphere. Goldschmidt2021 abstracts.
Burton K, Hopkinson P, Lenton T, Benson D, Galloway T, Godley B, Nelms S, Short R, Xiaoyu Y, Boehm S, et al (2020). Towards a new Regional Circular Economy for Plastics - Progress in South West England. Dr Kerry Burton. 8th - 12th Jun 2020. Abstract.
Baker SJ, Belcher CM, Hesselbo SP, Lenton TM (2016). CHARCOAL EVIDENCE THAT RISING ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN TERMINATED EARLY JURASSIC OCEAN ANOXIA.
Saltzman MR, Edwards CT, Leslie SA, Mills BJ, Lenton TM, Williams J (2016). NEODYMIUM (ND) AND STRONTIUM (SR) ISOTOPE EVIDENCE FOR WEATHERING OF ARC VOLCANICS DURING THE ORDOVICIAN GREENHOUSE-ICEHOUSE TRANSITION.
Bercaw JE, Labinger JA, Tonks I, Winston MS, Klet RC, Lenton TN, Despagnet-Ayoub E (2013). New precatalysts for olefin polymerization having LX<sub>2</sub> pincer ligands.  Author URL.
Williams HTP, Boyle RA, Lenton TM (2011). Spatial structure creates community-­level selection for nutrient recycling. Eleventh European Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (ECAL2011). 8th - 12th Aug 2011.
Mills B, Boyle R, Goldblatt C, Lenton T, Watson A (2010). What happened in the Neoproterozoic? Investigations using a simplified Earth system model.  Author URL.
Clark JR, Williams HTP, Lenton TM, Watson AJ (2009). Agent-based modelling of Archean biogeochemistry and the Great Oxidation.  Author URL.
Livina V, Kwasniok F, Sapronov Y, Lenton T (2009). Bifurcation analysis of geophysical time series.
Goldblatt C, Watson AJ, Lenton TM (2009). Bistability of Atmospheric Oxygen and the Great Oxidation: Implications for Life Detection.  Author URL.
Daines SJ, Lenton TM (2009). Oxygen oases and the Great Oxidation.  Author URL.
Thomas MA, Suntharalingam P, Rast S, Pozzoli L, Feichter H, Lenton T (2009). Quantifying DMS-cloud-climate interactions using the ECHAM5-HAMMOZ model.  Author URL.
Goldblatt C, Matthews AJ, Claire M, Lenton TM, Watson AJ, Zahnle KJ (2009). There was probably more nitrogen in the Archean atmosphere - This would have helped resolve the Faint Young Sun paradox.  Author URL.
Marinelli LW, Lipford KA, Lenton TN, Haines DR (2008). CHED 1290-Determining the reactive properties of GLP-1.  Author URL.
Lenton TN, Haines DR (2008). CHED 1315-Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study of the N-terminal histidine of GLP-1.  Author URL.
Lenton TM (2008). TIPPING POINTS OR GRADUAL CLIMATE CHANGE?.  Author URL.
Williams HTP, Lenton TM (2007). Artificial ecosystem selection for evolutionary optimisation. Abstract.
Goldblatt C, Lenton TM, Watson AJ (2007). Bistability of atmospheric oxygen and the Great Oxidation.  Author URL.
Fairman MJ, Price AR, Xue G, Molinari M, Nicole DA, Lenton TM, Marsh R, Takeda K, Cox SJ (2007). Building scientific workflows for earth system modelling with windows workflow foundation. Abstract.
Marinelli LW, Lenton TN, Lipford KA, Haines DR (2007). Structure-activity study of the N-terminal histidine of GLP-1.  Author URL.
Lenton TN, Vij A, Grabow W, Mabry JM, Haddad TS (2007). Structures of vinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (ViSiO1.5)n with n=8, 10, 12 and 14.  Author URL.
Price AR, Jiao Z, Voutchkov II, Lenton TM, Williams G, Lunt DJ, Marsh R, Valdes PJ, Cox SJ (2006). Collaborative study of GENIE<i>fy</i> earth system models using scripted database workflows in a grid-enabled PSE.  Author URL.
Huntingford C, Hargreaves JC, Lenton TM, Annan JD (2003). Extent of partial ice cover due to carbon cycle feedback in a zonal energy balance model. Abstract.
Lenton T, Handoh I (2003). Quasi-periodic mid-Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events linked by oscillations of the phosphorus and oxygen cycles. EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly.
Lenton TM, Team TGENIE (2003). Spanning the spectrum of model complexity with a Grid ENabled Integrated Earth system model (GENIE). EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly.
Lenton T (1999). Testing Gaia Theory with Artificial Life. 5th European Conference on Artificial Life.

Reports

Lenton TM, Footitt A, Dlugolecki A (2009). Major Tipping Points in the Earth’s Climate System and Consequences for the Insurance Sector., Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research.
Lenton TM, Livina VN (2008). Developing a long-term business-as-usual climate change scenario for engineers.
Lenton TM, Williamson MS, Warren R, Loutre MF, Goodess CM, Swann M, Cameron D, Hankin R, Marsh R, Shepherd JG, et al (2006). Climate change on the millennial timescale. Norwich, Tyndall Centre.
Lenton TM, Loutre MF, Williamson MS, Warren R, Goodess CM, Swann M, Cameron D, Hankin R, Marsh R, Shepherd JG, et al (2006). Climate change on the millennial timescale., Environment Agency.
Lenton TM, Huntingford C (2002). Earth system modelling: development and analysis of an efficient Earth system model. Edinburgh, CEH.
Lenton TM (1997). Geophysiological Modelling. Stockholm, IGBP.

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External Engagement and Impact

Awards/Honorary fellowships

Clarivate Highly Cited Researcher

Alan Turing Institute Fellow

Faculty of 1000: Global Change Ecology

Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award (2013)

Fellow of the Geological Society of London

Fellow of the Linnean Society

Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology


Committee/panel activities

Earth Commission member (Future Earth and Global Commons Alliance)

Scientific Advisory Board, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)

International Collaboration Awards panel, Royal Society


Media Coverage

Professor Tim Lenton Discusses Gaia 2.0 (2021) The Sustainability Agenda (podcast) 25/01/2021

Activating ‘tipping points’ in society could push world towards greater climate action, researchers say (2021) The Independent, Daisy Dunne, 11/01/2021

Future of the human climate niche (2020) Altmetric score >3500,567 media reports including Time of India, The New York Times

‘Tipping points – too risky to bet against’ (2019): Altmetric score >9000, 906 media reports, appearances on ITV News at Ten, Radio 4: BBC World at One, and Euronews.

‘Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene’ (2018): Altmetric score >7000, ranked #4 of all papers in 2018, and CarbonBrief’s most impactful climate research paper of 2018.

Appeared on BBC1 ‘Climate Change: The Facts’ (2019)

Featured in 6-part international television series ‘The Tipping Points’ screened on e.g. Weather Channel, Discovery Channel, VPRO

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Teaching

Office hours

Tuesdays and Thursdays 2pm-3pm.
Please check with GSI Support Team for availability: gsi.support@exeter.ac.uk

Feedback from Tim's students:

Tim was nominated for 'Best Lecturer' by students in the Teaching Awards 2016.

"He is so well renowned in his field but still down to Earth and humble enough to teach to first years".

"He can communicate difficult biogeochemical systems to BA Geography students and still capture their attentions".

“Tim has provided very interesting teaching during term 1 of my Master's course. He also acts as my personal tutor and has organised multiple sessions to catch up and make sure I was handling the course and student life well. This made me feel very supported”.

Modules

2024/25


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Supervision / Group

Postdoctoral researchers

Postgraduate researchers

  • Beatriz Arellano Nava
  • Joshua Buxton
  • Jake Eager
  • Dan Hilton
  • Guan Huang
  • Kirsty Lewis
  • Guy Lomax

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Office Hours:

Please contact GSI Support (Anne Nicholls and Candice Morgan-Glendinning) gsi.support@exeter.ac.uk to check availability

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